Monday, August 25, 2025

Bias Is Not a Bug—It’s a Mirror: Why AI Reflects Us More Than We Realize

 

© 2025 Charles Sun. All rights reserved.


“AI won’t erase our biases. But it can help us see them more clearly—if we’re willing to look in the mirror.”

That line stayed with me. It captures the heart of what I explore in my latest piece on how AI reflects—not corrects—our cognitive blind spots, and why recognizing that mirror matters more than ever.


In the race to build smarter machines, we often overlook a fundamental truth: artificial intelligence doesn’t transcend human bias—it inherits it. Not because AI is broken, but because it’s built by us. Bias isn’t a bug in the system—it’s a mirror reflecting our blind spots, historical inequities, and data-driven assumptions.

This becomes clear in real-world applications. For instance, when Amazon’s hiring algorithm penalized resumes with the word ‘women’s,’ it wasn’t because the machine was sexist—it was because it learned from a history of male-dominated hiring data. In this case, bias in AI wasn't a bug. It was a mirror of us.

The Illusion of Objectivity

AI is frequently marketed as a neutral, scalable, and efficient solution. But neutrality is a myth when the foundation—training data—is shaped by human subjectivity. Every dataset reflects a series of decisions: what to include, what to exclude, how to label, and who gets to decide. These choices embed systemic biases at the source. Once deployed, AI systems don’t just reflect those biases—they amplify them at scale.

Studies like the landmark Gender Shades research by Buolamwini & Gebru (2018) demonstrate how facial recognition misclassifies darker-skinned and female faces at far higher rates. Specifically, error rates for gender classification were up to 34.7% for darker-skinned women, compared to a maximum of 0.8% for lighter-skinned men. Cathy O’Neil’s Weapons of Math Destruction (2016) shows how algorithmic systems perpetuate inequality in hiring, education, and criminal justice.

While technical solutions like AutoML can help standardize parts of the data preparation process to reduce some human-introduced errors, as I explore in my article Using Automated Machine Learning to Enhance Data Security and Scalability in Cloud Computing, automation alone is not a complete solution. AutoML offers tools for fairness detection and bias mitigation, but it is not inherently bias-free. Models generated through AutoML can still function as ‘black boxes,’ making it difficult to trace the exact source of algorithmic bias. Ultimately, the challenge is not just technical—it’s philosophical.

Cognitive Bias in Data Preparation

Bias doesn’t begin with the algorithm—it begins with us. From confirmation bias to selection bias, our shortcuts influence how we collect, interpret, and label data. These biases get baked into models, creating feedback loops that reinforce existing narratives.

For example, ProPublica’s 2016 COMPA investigation revealed racial bias in predictive policing tools. Their analysis showed that Black defendants who did not recidivate were nearly twice as likely to be misclassified as "high-risk" compared to white defendants (45% vs. 23%).

As I emphasized in my 2023 article on ChatGPT, human oversight is not optional—it’s foundational. It must never be sidelined, especially as AI systems increasingly influence decisions once reserved for human judgment. Philosopher John Searle’s "Chinese Room" argument reminds us that machines manipulate symbols (syntax) without true understanding (semantics). When patterns emerge from flawed or incomplete data, the resulting outputs mirror those distortions with chilling precision.

The Science of Unconscious Bias

·       Definition: Unconscious or implicit bias refers to automatic associations and evaluations that influence judgments and behavior outside conscious awareness (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995 – PubMed, PDF version).

·       Fast vs. slow thinking and time pressure: Dual process research shows fast, heuristic “System 1” can trigger stereotype-consistent judgments—especially under time pressure—while slower, deliberative “System 2” sometimes corrects them (Kahneman review by Shleifer – JEL PDF, overview notes).

·       High impact examples:

o   Healthcare: Clinicians often show implicit pro-White/anti-minority bias associated with differences in communication, treatment, and outcomes (Hall et al., 2015 – PubMed, overview).

o   Hiring: Resumes with “White-sounding” names received ~50% more callbacks than otherwise identical resumes with “Black-sounding” names (Bertrand & Mullainathan, 2004 – NBER, PDF version).

o   Split-second judgments: Shooter task studies show lower thresholds to “shoot” for Black targets in simulations, highlighting how automatic threat associations can shape rapid decisions (summary with references).

·       Why this matters for AI: These unconscious dynamics influence what data get collected, how labels are defined, and whose judgments become “ground truth”—which is why upstream process design, diverse/trained annotators, and bias-aware aggregation are as critical as any downstream model fix.

For a deeper look at the science, evidence, and safeguards behind unconscious bias in data and labeling, read the companion deep dive for methods, safeguards, and checklists: The Unconscious Bias in the Human Mind: How It Seeds AI Flaws.

Collaboration Over Competition

The future of AI isn’t about replacing humans—it’s about augmenting us. Machines excel at scale, speed, and statistical precision, but they lack context, conscience, and true moral agency. Humans bring empathy, ethics, judgment, and common sense. Together, we can build systems that are not only powerful but aligned with human values. Human involvement is the only way to assign genuine accountability and ethical responsibility.

As I've pointed out in one of my AI related articles, AI's capabilities are fundamentally bounded by the human-created infrastructure and data we provide. It’s not a sentient force—it’s a reflection of our collective inputs, and we have the power—and responsibility—to shape it wisely.

The Mirror We Must Face

Bias in AI isn’t an anomaly—it’s a signal. It tells us where our systems, institutions, and assumptions need scrutiny. In The Ancient Art of Being Wrong: A Response to AI ‘Contagion’, I remind readers that misinformation is a human vulnerability, not an AI invention. Machines amplify what we feed them. If we want better outcomes, we must start with better inputs.

Ongoing research into fairness-aware algorithms, diverse dataset curation, explainable AI, and participatory design offers promising ways to address bias beyond automation—but none of these replace conscientious human values, domain expertise, and ethical frameworks guiding AI development.


Real‑world Harmful Examples of AI Bias

·       Amazon’s AI Hiring Tool – Amazon’s AI system penalized resumes that included the word “women’s,” reflecting historic male dominance and gender bias. This led Amazon to discontinue the tool in 2018 due to discriminatory outcomes (Reuters, 2018).

·       Apple Card Credit Limits – An AI algorithm reportedly offered significantly lower credit limits to women than men with comparable financial profiles, raising serious concerns about gender discrimination. This was widely reported following a Wall Street Journal investigation in 2019 (BBC News, 2019).


·       COMPAS Recidivism Risk – Investigations by ProPublica in 2016 revealed that the COMPAS algorithm risk assessment tool disproportionately labeled Black defendants as high risk compared to white defendants, highlighting systemic racial bias (ProPublica, 2016).


·       Google Photos Mislabeling – In 2015, Google Photos’ image recognition system mistakenly classified photos of Black individuals as “gorillas,” exposing significant issues with biased training data. Google apologized and promptly corrected the error (BBC News, 2015, The New York Times, 2015).

·       Healthcare Algorithms – A 2019 study published in Science showed that certain healthcare algorithms underestimated the health needs of Black patients by using healthcare spending as a proxy, thereby embedding racial disparities in medical care (Obermeyer et al., 2019).

AI won’t erase our biases. But it can help us see them more clearly—if we’re willing to look in the mirror.

Citation Formats for This Article:

APA:
Sun, C. (2025, August 25). Bias Is Not a Bug—It’s a Mirror: Why AI Reflects Us More Than We Realize. Common Sense. https://ipv6czar.blogspot.com/2025/08/bias-is-not-bugits-mirror-why-ai.html

Sun, C. (2025, August 24). Bias Is Not a Bug—It’s a Mirror: Why AI Reflects Us More Than We Realize. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/bias-bugits-mirror-why-ai-reflects-us-more-than-we-realize-sun-oiv3e

MLA:
Sun, Charles. "Bias Is Not a Bug—It’s a Mirror: Why AI Reflects Us More Than We Realize." Common Sense, 25 Aug. 2025, https://ipv6czar.blogspot.com/2025/08/bias-is-not-bugits-mirror-why-ai.html.

Sun, Charles. "Bias Is Not a Bug—It’s a Mirror: Why AI Reflects Us More Than We Realize." LinkedIn, 24 Aug. 2025, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/bias-bugits-mirror-why-ai-reflects-us-more-than-we-realize-sun-oiv3e.

Chicago:
Sun, Charles. "Bias Is Not a Bug—It’s a Mirror: Why AI Reflects Us More Than We Realize." Common Sense (blog), August 25, 2025. https://ipv6czar.blogspot.com/2025/08/bias-is-not-bugits-mirror-why-ai.html.

Sun, Charles. "Bias Is Not a Bug—It’s a Mirror: Why AI Reflects Us More Than We Realize." LinkedIn, August 24, 2025. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/bias-bugits-mirror-why-ai-reflects-us-more-than-we-realize-sun-oiv3e.

#ArtificialIntelligence #MachineLearning #DataScience #AIEthics #EthicalAI #ResponsibleAI #BiasInAI #AlgorithmicBias #FairnessInAI #AITransparency #DataBias #HumanInTheLoop #HumanCenteredAI #TrustworthyAI #AIandSociety #FutureOfAI #TechForGood #AIReflection #AIaccountability #AutomatedMachineLearning #AImirror

Disclaimer: The views presented are only personal opinions and they do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Government.


© 2025 Charles Sun. All rights reserved.

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

Finally, the New Federal IPv6-Only Policy Is Here!!!


Finally, the new federal #IPv6-only policy is here for public comments: https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2020-04202!!

The OMB draft memo is here: https://www.cio.gov/…/…/internet-protocol-version6-draft.pdf


#ipv4 #ipv6 #ai #iot #5g #ipv6only #internet #internetofthefuture #cybersecurity #cyberattacks #cybersecuritythreats #cloudsecurity #datasecurity #databreach #dataprotection #emergingtechnology #cyber


Disclaimer: The views presented are only personal opinions and they do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Government.

Monday, February 17, 2020

Plan to Sunset Internet Protocol Version 4 Now!

In 2014 I said: Stop Using IPv4!

In 2016 I said: No IoT without IPv6!

In 2018 I said: 100% IPv6 by 2029!

In 2020 I said: Plan to Sunset IPv4 Now!

The world is now moving towards securely deploying IPv6 only by turning off IPv4, are you ready?


Partial List of References and Credits to My Articles:

The following is a partial listing of my publications and many of the references to my articles made in the academic and research papers, professional conferences proceedings, books, articles, and many other websites, including, but not limited to, numerous professional journals and academic publications, such as International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, First Amendment Law Review by University of North Carolina School of Law, Asian Journal of Mathematical Sciences, Sciendo, Academia.edu, and many popular sites such as Google Scholar, Wikipedia, in addition to many IDG Communications, Inc. affiliated news outlets, publications: Computerworld, CIO.com, InfoWorld, NetworkWorld:

Publications:
https://www.computerworld.com/article/2488886/stop-using-internet-protocol-version-4-.html
https://www.cio.com/article/2376632/stop-using-internet-protocol-version-4-.html
https://www.infoworld.com/article/2607476/stop-using-internet-protocol-version-4-.html
https://www.computerworld.com/article/3071625/no-iot-without-ipv6.html
https://www.cio.com/article/3072499/no-iot-without-ipv6.html
https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/cybersecurity/adopting-and-enforcing-an-ipv6-only-policy-if-not-now-when/
https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/cybersecurity/perspective-strengthening-online-security-and-privacy-by-adopting-the-best-security-standards-now/
https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/cybersecurity/future-of-the-internet-depends-on-global-adoption-of-ipv6/
https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/infrastructure-security/perspective-cyberwarfare-is-mission-possible-only-if-we-stop-using-ipv4/

Referenced by the Professional Journals and Academic Publications:
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJARCSSE) ISSN: 2277-128X (Volume-8, Issue-9)
International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field (IJIRMF)
First Amendment Law Review by University of North Carolina School of Law
Asian Journal of Mathematical Sciences (AJMS)
Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence Volume 12: Issue 1; ISSN: 2558-9652; First Published: 15 Dec 2017

Connectivity of Assistance Systems (Konnektivität von Assistenzsystemen)

Referenced by and Credited in the Academic Research Papers, Conference Proceedings, Books, Articles:
1. Cybersecurity of the Person:https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3276218
2. Defining the IoT: https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/picbe/12/1/article-p118.xml
3. Societal Adoption Problems of Internet of Things (IoT)-A Study: International Journals of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering ISSN: 2277-128X (Volume-8, Issue-9)
4. Smart Healthcare System:A Primer: https://www.academia.edu/38842515/Smart_Healthcare_System_A_Primer
5. Evaluating IoT Device Security: https://fraserdumayne.co.uk/projects/dissertation.pdf
6. CyBOK: Cyber-Physical Systems Security Knowledge Area: https://www.cybok.org/media/downloads/Cyber-Physical_Systems_KA_-_draft_for_review_January_2019.pdf
7. Hardware/Software Interoperability and Single Point Vulnerability Problems of Internet of Things Multiple Systems: Causes, Solution and Societal Adoption: https://www.academia.edu/38842160/Hardware_Software_Interoperability_and_Single_Point_Vulnerability_Problems_of_Internet_of_Things_Multiple_Systems_Causes_Solution_and_Societal_Adoption
8. Telecommunication & Information Technologies - телекоммуникационные и информационные технологии (v5.2, September 1, 2019): http://book.itep.ru/4/44/ip6_4411.htm
9. Konzeption und Entwicklung eines sprachgesteuerten Smart Home Systems unter Betrachtung des Internet of Things: https://epb.bibl.th-koeln.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/1182/file/Konzeption+und+Entwicklung+eines+sprachgesteuerten+Smart+Home+Systems+unter+der+Ber%C3%BCcksichtigung+des+Internet+of+Things.pdf
10. Využití Apache Cordova k práci s Photon Particle (Using Apache Cordova to Work With Photon Particle): https://theses.cz/id/z9prcm/21202882
11. Trend to Watch in Marketing: Internet of Things: http://blog.isme.in/2015/05/trend-to-watch-in-marketing-internet-of.html
12. An Amateur’s Look at IoT Security and Its Processes: https://www.academia.edu/36747931/iotsec.odt


Social Media:
https://twitter.com/cioonline/status/461918363544190977
https://www.facebook.com/APNIC/posts/10153429156791058

Google Scholar:
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=18135843595810044648&as_sdt=20000005&sciodt=0,21&hl=en&scioq=%22Stop+Using+Internet+Protocol+Version+4!%22
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=18135843595810044648&hl=en&as_sdt=20000005&sciodt=0,21
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=18135843595810044648&as_sdt=20000005&sciodt=0,21&hl=en
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22No+IoT+without+IPv6%22&hl=en&as_sdt=0,21

Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_del_objectos
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_V%E1%BA%A1n_V%E1%BA%ADt
https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Internet_of_things
https://techconcepts750961224.wordpress.com/2019/03/30/internet-of-things/
https://www.limswiki.org/index.php/Internet_of_things
https://www.wikizero.com/en/Internet_of_things
https://worddisk.com/wiki/Internet_of_things/
https://infogalactic.com/info/Internet_of_things
https://epo.wikitrans.net/IPv6


My Personal Social Media and Blogger Sites:
https://ipv6czar.wordpress.com/2016/05/09/ipv6-is-the-future-of-the-internet/
https://ipv6czar.wordpress.com/2020/03/01/plan-to-sunset-internet-protocol-version-4-now/



Articles Posted by Other Websites Worldwide:

https://si-management.blogspot.com/2014/05/stop-using-internet-protocol-version-4.html
http://cyber-informer.blogspot.com/2014/05/stop-using-internet-protocol-version-4.html
http://book.itep.ru/depository////ipv6/asset_upload_file842_2515.pdf
http://home.etf.rs/~vm/os/vlsi/predavanja/internetOfThings.pdf
http://www.popflock.com/learn?s=Internet_of_Things_(IoT)
https://www.moycom.de/english/strategies-solutions/internet-of-things-iot/
http://phdomeraydin.blogspot.com/2016/
https://acordocoletivo.org/2016/09/10/internet-of-things/
http://138.201.196.77/index.php/component/content/category/30-technology
https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=wind5700&logNo=220931052387&proxyReferer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F
https://epo.wikitrans.net/IPv6
http://syakiebarsalan21.blogspot.com/2016/10/internet-of-things.html
https://docu.tips/documents/ipv6-5c12c340b9db6
http://www.google-software.net/2016/09/02/iot-internet-of-things/
https://it4developers.wordpress.com/pm/metodologias/internet-of-things/
http://ahmadyusuf1f.blogspot.com/2016/10/internet-of-things.html
http://si-management.blogspot.com/p/reseaux-et-infrastructures.html
http://syakiebarsalan21.blogspot.com/2016/10/internet-of-things.html
http://theeconomicrealms.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-internet-of-things.html
https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=wind5700&logNo=220931052387&proxyReferer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Saturday, February 15, 2020

A Case of Plagiarism in the IEEE Article

There are multiple instances of plagiarism found in the IEEE article published on July 17, 2017, titled “IPv6 and Internet of Things: Prospects for Latin America”, in which the author, Rosa Delgado, used exactly the same words in the same order in the same sentence within the same context from one of my articles published more than one year earlier without giving credit or crediting the source.

Almost four years ago I wrote the original opinion article titled “No IoT without IPv6” and it was first published by Computerworld and then republished by CIO.com on May 19, 2016. My original opinion article discusses extensively the global adoption of IPv6 and its impact on the future of the Internet of Things (IoT). In addition, three of my related articles on the exact same subject were first published online in my personal blog sites on WordPress, Blogger, and LinkedIn on June 2, 2016. See the following links for my original article published by Computerworld and CIO.com and personal websites:

https://www.computerworld.com/article/3071625/no-iot-without-ipv6.html
https://www.cio.com/article/3072499/no-iot-without-ipv6.html
https://ipv6czar.blogspot.com/2016/06/iot-is-ultimate-driver-for-global.html
https://ipv6czar.wordpress.com/2016/06/02/iot-is-the-ultimate-driver-for-global-adoption-of-ipv6/
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/iot-ultimate-driver-global-adoption-ipv6-charles-sun/

As a matter of fact, since 2014 I have written and published more than a dozen related articles on this same subject and I have been speaking and invited to speak publicly on many occasions at national and international conferences and public events on this and similar topics, including two of my opinion articles were published by Computerworld since May 2014.

Moreover, since the publication by Computerworld of my original opinion article titled "Stop Using Internet Protocol Version 4!" on May 1, 2014, and a related opinion article titled "No IoT Without IPv6" on May 19, 2016, many references to my articles have been made by publications in the academic and professional communities, international professional journals, societies in multiple languages. many of my ideas, statements, and opinions stated in my articles have been frequently credited in many of the academic research papers, international academic and professional conferences' proceedings, papers, articles, and books, among others, on the subjects related to IPv6 and IoT, which include, but not limited to the following:
  • International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJARCSSE)
  • International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field (IJIRMF):
  • Asian Journal of Mathematical Sciences (AJMS)
  • Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence Volume 12: Issue 1; ISSN: 2558-9652
  • First Amendment Law Review by University of North Carolina School of Law
For instance, in my May 1, 2014 opinion article published by Computerworld, CIO.com, and subsequently republished by many other publications including NetworkWorld, InfoWorld, among others, I specifically stated that "the Internet of Things will depend on the successful implementation of IPv6" and that "To a large extent, the Internet of Things will be the ultimate driver of global adoption of IPv6 in the coming years". This stated opinion and similar statements have since been widely cited and repeated in many of those academic research papers and professional journal publications, some of which are listed in the References section of this article at the end.

Sadly, however, a few people, on the other hand, seem to have no shame or decency nowadays and would rather engage in plagiarism in their writings and/or online postings than do the right thing by using the proper citations and giving credit to the original sources of information used in their publications as they should. As far as the intellectual properties (IP) is concerned, if you don't own those ideas or used other people's words in your writing and speeches, then you must cite those resources properly and give the appropriate credit to the original source! This is a minimum, low ethical and academic standard that people have to follow in conducting their research and publications. Otherwise, if you choose to plagiarize in your writings, you will be caught and exposed, sooner or later.

For instance, I recently discovered an article published by IEEE on July 17, 2017, for its IEEE Internet of Things collection titled “IPv6 and Internet of Things: Prospects for Latin America”, in which the author, Rosa Delgado, wrote about the same subject on IPv6 and IoT that I have been writing and speaking publicly about since 2014.

Most disturbingly, however, the author not only failed to properly credit the original source of information used for the IEEE article published in 2017 but also used the exact same words and phrase, such as “No IoT Without IPv6”, among others, in the exact same order in a single sentence within the same context of the article on the very same subject, that I originally used in my opinion article first published more than 14 months earlier by Computerworld on May 19, 2016! As a matter of fact, those four words used by the author of the IEEE article are actually the exact same words used for the title of my original opinion article published more than one year earlier by Computerworld, CIO.com, NetworkWorld, and many of IDG Communications, Inc. affiliated news outlets, publications.

According to the Cambridge Dictionary, the word "plagiarize" means to use another person's ideas or work and pretend that it is your own. The Merriam-Webster dictionary, further explains that "plagiarize" means:
  • to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
  • to use (another's production) without crediting the source
  • to commit literary theft
  • to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source
Per the definitions provided by the article published on plagiarism.org website, the following are considered plagiarism:
  • copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
  • changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
Upon a closer examination comparing the IEEE article published in 2017 and my original article published more than a year earlier in 2016, it becomes very clear that there is sufficient evidence of plagiarism contained in the IEEE article published on July 17, 2017.

Here I will only highlight two such instances of plagiarism found in the IEEE article on IPv6 and IoT published by IEEE on July 17, 2017:

First, in its last sentence of the first paragraph of the 2017 IEEE article, the author wrote:

As a result, there is no IoT without IPv6.

The title for my 2016 opinion article published by Computerworld more than one year earlier is No IoT without IPv6.

The author of the IEEE article used exactly the same words in the same order in the same sentence within the same context from my article published more than one year earlier without any proper citation or credit provided to the original source used in the IEEE article. In this case, the author of the IEEE article copied the same words from my original article's title without giving credit or crediting the source.

Second, in the first sentence of the third paragraph of the 2017 IEEE article, the author wrote:

IPv6 is about vision, leadership, innovation and competitive edge.

In my 2016 opinion article which was first published by Computerworld more than one year earlier, listed as the fifth reason for my statements made in my opinion article titled “No IoT without IPv6”, I wrote:

5. Adopting IPv6 is a matter of leadership, vision and competitive edge.

The following screenshots showing the side by side comparison of the two published articles, explicitly depict the two instances of plagiarism found in the IEEE article:


Once again, it is crystal clear that, as demonstrated in this instance, the author of the IEEE article copied the same words from my article published more than one year earlier and used those same words in almost exactly the same order in the same sentence within the same context of the discussion on the same topic in the IEEE article about the same subject on IPv6 and IoT without giving credit or crediting the source. Those are examples of blatant intellectual property theft known as plagiarism!

The author of the IEEE article should have properly credited the original source of the information used in the article and should have given the credit where credit is due when those words and/or ideas do not come directly from the author originally. But unfortunately, the author failed to do so repeatedly throughout the article.

Based on the above analysis and the examination of the material facts as identified and presented, it is very clear that despite some apparent attempts made by the author of the article to change some of the words or the order of those words in the sentence structure in the IEEE article, the author had failed to provide the proper citations and giving credit to the original source of information used in the article. In other words, the author had committed plagiarism by copying the words or changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit, which is considered plagiarism per the aforementioned definitions.

In short, based on the meaning of plagiarism defined, the examples of plagiarism cited, the evidence of plagiarism demonstrated, the screenshots shown, and for the reasons and analysis provided herein, the author of the IEEE article had committed plagiarism in the IEEE article in the current format published by IEEE on its website, plain and simple!

Otherwise, if this piece of IEEE article on the subject of IPv6 and IoT is not considered plagiarism based on the identified instances of plagiarism, then what is plagiarism?!

Given the fact that this article is part of the IEEE the official collection of documents related to IoT, the ethical rules and academic research standards must be met and maintained. Consequently, I would like the IEEE to start an investigation on this apparent plagiarism incidence as reported herein and provide me and the general public an acceptable explanation as to what actually occurred in this very serious matter of IP violations in one of its official publications.

IEEE, the world is watching!

References

The following is a partial listing of my publications and many of the references to my articles made in the academic and research papers, professional conferences proceedings, books, articles, and many other websites, including, but not limited to, numerous professional journals and academic publishers, such as International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, First Amendment Law Review by University of North Carolina School of Law, Asian Journal of Mathematical Sciences, Sciendo, Academia.edu, and many popular sites such as Google Scholar, Wikipedia, in addition to many IDG Communications, Inc. affiliated news outlets, publications: Computerworld, CIO.com, InfoWorld, NetworkWorld:

Publications:
https://www.computerworld.com/article/2488886/stop-using-internet-protocol-version-4-.html
https://www.cio.com/article/2376632/stop-using-internet-protocol-version-4-.html
https://www.infoworld.com/article/2607476/stop-using-internet-protocol-version-4-.html
https://www.computerworld.com/article/3071625/no-iot-without-ipv6.html
https://www.cio.com/article/3072499/no-iot-without-ipv6.html
https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/cybersecurity/adopting-and-enforcing-an-ipv6-only-policy-if-not-now-when/
https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/cybersecurity/perspective-strengthening-online-security-and-privacy-by-adopting-the-best-security-standards-now/
https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/cybersecurity/future-of-the-internet-depends-on-global-adoption-of-ipv6/
https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/infrastructure-security/perspective-cyberwarfare-is-mission-possible-only-if-we-stop-using-ipv4/

Referenced by the Professional Journals and Academic Publishers:
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJARCSSE) ISSN: 2277-128X (Volume-8, Issue-9)
International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field (IJIRMF)
First Amendment Law Review by University of North Carolina School of Law
Asian Journal of Mathematical Sciences (AJMS)
Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence Volume 12: Issue 1; ISSN: 2558-9652; First Published: 15 Dec 2017
First Amendment Law Review by University of North Carolina School of Law

Referenced by and Credited in the Academic Research Papers, Conference Proceedings, Books:
  1. Cybersecurity of the Person:https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3276218
  2. Defining the IoThttps://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/picbe/12/1/article-p118.xml
  3. Societal Adoption Problems of Internet of Things (IoT)-A StudyInternational Journals of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering ISSN: 2277-128X (Volume-8, Issue-9)
  4. Smart Healthcare System:A Primerhttps://www.academia.edu/38842515/Smart_Healthcare_System_A_Primer
  5. Evaluating IoT Device Securityhttps://fraserdumayne.co.uk/projects/dissertation.pdf
  6. CyBOK: Cyber-Physical Systems Security Knowledge Areahttps://www.cybok.org/media/downloads/Cyber-Physical_Systems_KA_-_draft_for_review_January_2019.pdf
  7. Hardware/Software Interoperability and Single Point Vulnerability Problems of Internet of Things Multiple Systems: Causes, Solution and Societal Adoptionhttps://www.academia.edu/38842160/Hardware_Software_Interoperability_and_Single_Point_Vulnerability_Problems_of_Internet_of_Things_Multiple_Systems_Causes_Solution_and_Societal_Adoption
  8. Telecommunication & Information Technologies - телекоммуникационные и информационные технологии (v5.2, September 1, 2019): http://book.itep.ru/4/44/ip6_4411.htm
  9. Konzeption und Entwicklung eines sprachgesteuerten Smart Home Systems unter Betrachtung des Internet of Thingshttps://epb.bibl.th-koeln.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/1182/file/Konzeption+und+Entwicklung+eines+sprachgesteuerten+Smart+Home+Systems+unter+der+Ber%C3%BCcksichtigung+des+Internet+of+Things.pdf
  10. Využití Apache Cordova k práci s Photon Particle (Using Apache Cordova to Work With Photon Particle)https://theses.cz/id/z9prcm/21202882
  11. Trend to Watch in Marketing: Internet of Thingshttp://blog.isme.in/2015/05/trend-to-watch-in-marketing-internet-of.html
  12. An Amateur’s Look at IoT Security and Its Processes: https://www.academia.edu/36747931/iotsec.odt
Social Media:
https://twitter.com/cioonline/status/461918363544190977

Google Scholar:
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=18135843595810044648&as_sdt=20000005&sciodt=0,21&hl=en&scioq=%22Stop+Using+Internet+Protocol+Version+4!%22
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=18135843595810044648&hl=en&as_sdt=20000005&sciodt=0,21
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=18135843595810044648&as_sdt=20000005&sciodt=0,21&hl=en
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22No+IoT+without+IPv6%22&hl=en&as_sdt=0,21

Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_del_objectos
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_V%E1%BA%A1n_V%E1%BA%ADt
https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Internet_of_things
https://techconcepts750961224.wordpress.com/2019/03/30/internet-of-things/
https://www.limswiki.org/index.php/Internet_of_things
https://www.wikizero.com/en/Internet_of_things
https://worddisk.com/wiki/Internet_of_things/
https://infogalactic.com/info/Internet_of_things
https://epo.wikitrans.net/IPv6

My Personal Social Media and Blogger Sites:
https://ipv6czar.blogspot.com/2016/06/iot-is-ultimate-driver-for-global.html
https://voice4ipv6.wordpress.com/2016/06/02/iot-is-the-ultimate-driver-for-global-adoption-of-ipv6/
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/iot-ultimate-driver-global-adoption-ipv6-charles-sun/


Articles Posted by Other Websites Worldwide:

https://si-management.blogspot.com/2014/05/stop-using-internet-protocol-version-4.html
http://cyber-informer.blogspot.com/2014/05/stop-using-internet-protocol-version-4.html
http://book.itep.ru/depository////ipv6/asset_upload_file842_2515.pdf
http://home.etf.rs/~vm/os/vlsi/predavanja/internetOfThings.pdf

Referenced by Other Websites Based on Google Search Results:
http://www.popflock.com/learn?s=Internet_of_Things_(IoT)
https://www.moycom.de/english/strategies-solutions/internet-of-things-iot/
http://phdomeraydin.blogspot.com/2016/
https://acordocoletivo.org/2016/09/10/internet-of-things/
http://138.201.196.77/index.php/component/content/category/30-technology
https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=wind5700&logNo=220931052387&proxyReferer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F
https://epo.wikitrans.net/IPv6
http://syakiebarsalan21.blogspot.com/2016/10/internet-of-things.html
https://docu.tips/documents/ipv6-5c12c340b9db6
http://www.google-software.net/2016/09/02/iot-internet-of-things/
https://it4developers.wordpress.com/pm/metodologias/internet-of-things/
http://ahmadyusuf1f.blogspot.com/2016/10/internet-of-things.html
http://si-management.blogspot.com/p/reseaux-et-infrastructures.html
http://syakiebarsalan21.blogspot.com/2016/10/internet-of-things.html
http://theeconomicrealms.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-internet-of-things.html
https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=wind5700&logNo=220931052387&proxyReferer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

#cybersecurity #cyberattacks #cybersecuritythreats #cloudsecurity #cyber #ipv4 #ipv6 #ai #iot #5g #ipv6only #internet #internetofthefuture #datasecurity #databreach #dataprotection #emergingtechnology #IEEE #IEEEXplore

Disclaimer: The views presented are only personal opinions and they do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Government.